“In order to obtain information from the outside world, people must rely on the sense organs. Therefore, the sensor came into being. The sensor is a detection device that can sense the measured information, and can transform the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to certain rules to meet the needs of the information. Requirements for transmission, processing, storage, Display, recording and control. The role of sensors in daily production is becoming more and more obvious. In people’s consciousness, sensors are widely used in automobiles, industrial automation, aerospace technology, military engineering, environmental detection and other fields.The following Xiaobian from Gongcai.com will briefly introduce to you through this article.

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In order to obtain information from the outside world, people must rely on the sense organs. Therefore, the sensor came into being. The sensor is a detection device that can sense the measured information, and can transform the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to certain rules to meet the needs of the information. Requirements for transmission, processing, storage, Display, recording and control. The role of sensors in daily production is becoming more and more obvious. In people’s consciousness, sensors are widely used in automobiles, industrial automation, aerospace technology, military engineering, environmental detection and other fields. The following is a brief introduction to the specific application of wind speed sensors in space flight through this article.

The aircraft is a kind of equipment with high-speed flight, harsh operating environment and delicate and complex structure. Therefore, the condition of the aircraft needs to be continuously monitored when the aircraft is flying, especially the structural fatigue of large aircraft groups. How to realize the safety monitoring of the aircraft structure has always been It’s a worldwide problem. Next, let’s take a closer look at the role of sensors in aerospace?

The role of sensors in aerospace:

(1) Parameters that require sensors to be sensitive in aerospace

(2) Sensitive parameters play an important role in aircraft and engine automatic control?

(3) Sensitive parameters play an important role in automatic homing and navigation?

(4) Sensitive parameters play an important role in aircraft and engine performance experiments. Characteristics of aerospace sensors The performance and reliability of sensors are affected by working conditions, and the working conditions in the flight industry are very harsh and complex. The technical requirements of sensors for day use are different from those of sensors used in other fields.

It can be seen from the above that sensors, artificial intelligence and advanced analysis methods are needed in the process of monitoring aircraft conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of continuous and real-time assessment of aircraft conditions. For example, let’s take a look at the related applications of various sensors in the field of aircraft manufacturing.

Pressure sensors ensure accurate air data

With the continuous improvement of the amount of air data information and its accuracy requirements for modern aircraft, air data computers are widely used on aircraft to measure various air data information. The most basic information is flight altitude, indicated airspeed, and vacuum number. , M number, atmospheric temperature and density, and the rest of the information is derived from these six pieces of information. It can be found that these 6 pieces of information are calculated based on the four original parameters of total pressure, static pressure, total temperature and angle of attack. Accurately measuring these original parameters is very important to ensure the accurate and reliable operation of the atmospheric data computer, which also requires high repeatability, stability and high precision for the pressure sensor measuring total pressure and static pressure.

Pressure sensors are mainly used in the measurement of acceleration, pressure and force. For example, a pressure-type accelerometer is a commonly used accelerometer. It has the advantages of simple structure, small size, light weight and long service life, and is used in the vibration and shock measurement of aircraft. Pressure sensors can also be used to measure combustion pressure measurements and vacuum measurements inside aircraft engines.

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Monitor Aircraft Flight Data

As a new type of sensor, the fiber grating sensor is made inside the fiber with the thickness of “hair” to realize the measurement of various physical parameters such as strain, temperature, pressure, acceleration, etc. It can withstand high voltage and resist electromagnetic interference. , can also be embedded in the interior of the structural body, mostly used for online monitoring, such as bridges, dams, oil depots, railways, etc. As a kind of equipment with high-speed flight, harsh operating environment and delicate and complex structure, how to realize the safety monitoring of aircraft structure has always been a worldwide problem. The fiber grating sensor solves this problem.

Using fiber grating sensors, it can not only provide safety early warning of abnormal conditions through data, realize long-term health judgment and life prediction through data accumulation, but also provide data support for the deformation of aircraft wings, making flight safer and more intelligent.

Application of Ultrasonic Wind Speed ​​Sensor in Aviation Field

The “pitot tube” on the aircraft is a typical pitot tube wind speed sensor, which is an extremely important measurement tool on the aircraft. It must be installed in an area outside the aircraft where the airflow is less affected by the aircraft, generally in front of the nose, vertical tail or wingtips. When the plane flies forward, the airflow rushes into the pitot tube, and the sensor at the end of the tube will feel the impact force of the airflow, that is, dynamic pressure. The faster the plane flies, the greater the dynamic pressure. If you compare the static pressure and dynamic pressure of the air at rest, you can know how fast the air is rushing in, that is, how fast the plane flies. The tool for comparing the two pressures is a hollow circular box with a corrugated surface made of upper and lower thin metal sheets, called a diaphragm. The box is airtight, but has a tube attached to the pitot. If the speed of the aircraft is fast, the dynamic pressure will increase, the pressure in the bellows will increase, and the bellows will bulge. With a device consisting of small levers and gears, the deformation of the diaphragm can be measured and displayed by a pointer, which is the simplest aircraft airspeed indicator. The static pressure measured by the pitot tube can also be used as a calculation parameter for the altimeter. If the bellows is completely sealed, the pressure inside will always be equal to the pressure of the ground air. In this way, when the aircraft flies into the air, the height increases, the static pressure measured by the pitot tube drops, the bellows will bulge, and the aircraft height can be measured by measuring the deformation of the bellows. This altimeter is called a barometric altimeter. The speed measured by the pitot tube is not the actual speed of the aircraft relative to the ground, but only the speed relative to the atmosphere, so it is called airspeed. If there is wind, the speed of the aircraft relative to the ground (called ground speed) should be added to the wind speed (flying downwind) or minus the wind speed (flying upwind).

An industry model product in the field of ultrasonic wind measurement, it is a French LCJ Capteurs ultrasonic wind speed sensor – CV7-OEM developed by Gongcai.com based on the principle of ultrasonic. This ultrasonic wind speed sensor is light in weight, without any moving parts, and durable. It can output wind speed and wind direction at the same time without maintenance and on-site calibration. The sensor uses sound (and ultrasound) to transmit through the motion of the fluid it travels through. Electroacoustic transducers use ultrasonic signals to communicate with each other in pairs and determine the wave travel time difference caused by the airflow according to the orthogonal axis. The CV7-OEM transducers communicate with each other to provide four independent measurements, while the headwind measurement vector is used for calculations. Combining these measurements calculates the wind speed and direction relative to the reference axis. Temperature measurement is used for calibration. The design of the sensor reduces the effect of tilt angle (the effect of sensor tilt angle is partially corrected based on the shape of the space). At the same time, the CV7_OEM ultrasonic wind speed sensor can provide 4 independent test data. Correctness checks are used for the calculation of the head wind vector. This method provides wind speed sensitivity of 0.15m/S, reliability and excellent linearity up to 40m/S. Customers can choose the wind speed unit, output frequency and output format according to their needs.